SS CH 4 Mesopotamia
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Mesopotamia is located in the
Middle East or Near East
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Mesopotamia is also referred to as the
Fertile Crescent
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The area Fertile Crescent is referred to that name because of the area's
fertile soil and fertile soil &its shape
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The Fertile Crescent was created by two rivers _____ & ______.
Tigris River & Euphrates River
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The Tigris River and Euphrates Rivers flooded annually, depositing ______ into the riverbeds around them
silt
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This silt helped to ________________the land
fertilize
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___________developed the first civilization in the world
Mesopotamia
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The first civilization is referred to them as the
Sumerian civilization
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Farmers could not live close to the rivers because they would
flood regularly
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To make up for water scarcity, _____________dug a system of canals
Sumerian farmers
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The canals carried __________ from rivers to farms.
water
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These canals were the world's first
irrigation system
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Sumerian people ____________ animals such as cows, sheep, and donkeys.
domesticated
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These animals provided resources like
meat, milk, and wool
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To make transportation faster, Sumerians invented the
wheel
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Eventually they created wagons and _________for domesticated animals.
plows and harnesses
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Early Sumerians used tools made of ______ or _______ which often broke.
clay or copper
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They experimented with _______ to make bronze
metallurgy
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The tools that were sturdier and hardly ever broke were the
bronze tools
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The Sumerian farmers produced a stable food supply and food surplus
irrigation, domestication, invention of the wheel and plow
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Because of the stable food supply and food surplus fewer people had to _______ to survive
farm
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Major economic growth occurred when Sumerians began to
specialize
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_____ and _____ learned skills to produce goods for trade
weavers and potters
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______ and _____ made tools and built houses.
metal workers and brick layers
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The transportation of goods was made easier by _________
wheeled carts
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Merchants used _______ or _______ to pull carts of goods between Mesopotamia and city-states.
oxen or donkeys
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Each city-state had its own ___________
monarchy
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The _____ of each city-state had control over all things.
king
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Kings usually came from a ruling
family
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Sumerian people worshipped more than one god which means they were
polytheists
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Sumerian people built temples called ______
ziggurats
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The first writing system is called _______ and is a pattern of wedge-shaped symbols.
cuneiform
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The oldest written story in the world is called
The Epic of Gilgamesh
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King Hammurabi governed the
First Babylonian Empire
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Hammurabi introduced a written code of laws called
The Code of Hammurabi
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Which reflects on the idea of "an eye for an eye", a
"tooth for a tooth"